At 2 a.m., most people would be home asleep in wood-framed, single-family homes that are unlikely to collapse completely. Long stretches of freeways in the Bay Area sit near sea level, built on marshy tidal flats that will almost certainly experience liquefaction during the quake. The idea of a Kobe-type quake occurring on the Hayward is unsettling: Out of a population of 1.5 million in Kobe, nearly 5,000 people were killed. All rights reserved. Phase to Phase to Earth. When it will happen is unknown, but the effects of such an event are quite clear: Major shaking to fragile infrastructure will result in loss of life and great economic damage. Many factors influence the strength of earthquake shaking at a site including the earthquake's magnitude, the site's proximity to the fault, the local geology, and the soil type. The computational method for three phase fault is the same. In many parts of the Bay Area, these roadways represent the only feasible way to move between areas; freeways physically isolate some communities, with pedestrian movement impossible between them. 805,000) and San Jose (pop. Two of Southern California's most active faults could rupture together in a magnitude-7.5 earthquake, according to a new study, raising a grim seismic scenario for communities east of Los Angeles. The Calaveras and San Antonio reservoirs are part of the Hetch Hetchy water system, an improbable Rube Goldberg-like scheme to move water from the Sierra Nevada across the Central Valley, across the Calaveras Fault, across the Hayward Fault, across the liquefaction-vulnerable marshes of the southern bay, then into two long, linear sag ponds: the Crystal Springs and San Andreas reservoirs. A fault with 300 meters of both, on the other hand, would. Some types of car accidents are more dangerous and costly than others. As you may or may not know, the crust of the earth is constantly moving and reshaping itself. can not give an earthquake today, but they did so in the past). It causes the conductor to make contact with the earth or ground. Kobe, like Hayward and Oakland, sits on the east side of a bay - Osaka Bay - and the Nojima Fault running through Kobe mirrors the Hayward in type (strike-slip) and in length. It is characterized by the sudden tremors on earth’s surface caused due to the release of energy from its crust. Movement in these fault lines have caused some of the most devastating and deadly earthquakes on record. The construction of the dam started back in 1981 and was completed on 7th July 1986. Thrust faults are reverse faults that dip less than 45°. They called it the “most dangerous earthquake type in the world.” Their web page monitors and updates news about the earthquake . According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the region is home to 87,000 businesses, 1.5 million jobs and quarterly wages nearing $25 billion; the Bay Area’s overall GDP would, if it were a separate country, rank as the 19th largest in the world. It is known as the Hayward Fault, and it could produce the greatest natural disaster ever to hit the US. Bolted line-to-line faults, Figure 1(b), are more common than three phase faults and have fault currents that are approximately 87% of the three phase bolted fault current.. The headquarters of Facebook and Google and Apple’s new “spaceship” campus are less than 20 kilometers away — all close enough for shaking to affect the operations of the companies. HAZUS can also model how infrastructure other than buildings will be affected by a quake. All rights reserved. what are some of the world's most dangerous fault systems? Repairs for many of these problems, which involve digging up streets and rebuilding major parts of the water infrastructure, would take months to years. ductile deformation caused by compressive stresses acting over long periods what are rock folds a result of? ... Cascadia is the same type of fault that caused the 2004 Sumatra quake and tsunami. The main components of a fault are (1) the fault plane, (2) the fault trace, … Large faults within the Earth's crust result from the action of plate tectonic forces, with the largest forming the boundaries between the plates, such as subduction zones or transform faults. Some of the most active faults in Utah include the Wasatch fault along the Wasatch Front, the Hurricane fault in Southern Utah, and the Needles fault zone in Canyonlands National Park. The scientific community has mapped the fault and assessed the risk. An earthquake is perhaps the most deadly and the most dangerous natural phenomenon of earth. The comparison is often made with Kobe, Japan, which suffered a Magnitude 6.9 earthquake in 1995. Some of the most important American technology companies are located near the Hayward Fault. A big quake in a highly populated area means that virtually every aspect of modern civilization — transportation, gas, sewer, water, electricity, Internet access and more — will be affected. In San Leandro, the Hayward Fault runs near the Fairmont Hospital and the earthen dam holding back the Lake Chabot Reservoir. Answer Key:B Question 20 of 50 2.0/ 2.0 Points What information is needed to determine the distance from the epicenter of an earthquake to a seismic receiving station? Ground movement also has the potential to destroy water delivery systems at multiple levels: at the household level, with pipes breaking and flooding homes or unsecured water heaters detaching; at the neighborhood level, with breaks in municipal water lines or water mains; and at the city level, with municipal water treatment plants failing or reservoirs and dams rupturing. Reverse fault. However, such traffic jams may never materialize if damage to road infrastructure is so severe that people cannot get on the freeways at all. But what the Hayward Fault lacks in potential magnitude, it makes up for with proximity to people, lying directly under structures where many people live and work: hospitals, schools, retirement homes, and house after house after house. Bolted Line-To-Line Faults. Instead, the opposite is happening, and across the Bay Area, new homes are being built in fault zones with seemingly no consideration for what could happen to the people in them. The Ring of Fire is the largest and most active fault line in the world, stretching from New Zealand, all around the east coast of Asia, … It is characterized by the sudden tremors on earth’s surface caused due to the release of energy from its crust. The few remaining Native Americans in the area spoke of the earth shaking and ocean rising to consume the land. Newton teaches geology at College of Marin in Kentfield, Calif. Read: Tired Of All Those General Earthquake Tips? This large current is used … The Hayward Fault splinters from the Calaveras Fault, which itself is an offshoot of the San Andreas Fault, near Hollister, south of the Bay Area. Additionally, if freeway overpasses collapse or become too damaged for vehicles to travel underneath them safely, then freeways are rendered useless. … Faults may range in length from a few millimeters to thousands of kilometers. It is located approximately 60 km from the Mosul city in the northwest region. Unfortunately, it is also the prime water source for San Francisco. In Berkeley, the fault runs beneath the University of California at Berkeley’s football stadium, where offset on the south wall can be seen. Ideally, all such receptacles and outdoor sockets must be GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupting) type, so that the danger of electric shocks and fires is reduced. Sorry, no results has been found matching your query. That quake is estimated to have been about magnitude 6.8. The above image is a LLL fault The above image is a LLLG fault. Utah Faults. How will hundreds of thousands of newly homeless people in the region survive absent running water, absent sewage systems, and absent electricity? These two faults are classified as symmetric/balanced fault. The dam was constructed for […] Descriptions of the three types of faults that cause earthquakes. The San Andreas Fault line in Southern California is often considered to be the most dangerous, considering that it is at the edge of the Pacific and American tectonic plates, with a bit of the Juan De Fuca Plate thrown in. The town of Hayward had about 500 residents, and just 24,000 people lived in the East Bay in the immediate vicinity of the fault. However, it wasn’t until the discovery of th… Download a free copy of our newsletter and see the details inside! Some may be magnitude 7, destructive in their own right, too dangerous for contractors to approach. 5 Most Dangerous U.S. Earthquake Hot Spots Beyond California. Thirty people in the region were killed by the quake while nearly every building in Hayward was damaged or destroyed. The article attracted a great deal of attention, especially among people who had never heard of the possibility that the heavily populated Pacific Northwest could, in a geologic moment, become “toast” — as someone quoted in the article put it. The San Francisco Bay Area also suffers from the unfortunate confluence of large populations and active faults. These reservoirs sit 8 and 11 kilometers, respectively, from traces of the Hayward Fault as it passes through Fremont. The Kobe quake also caused 1.5 meters of horizontal displacement on the ground; given the energy accumulated since the 1868 quake and the displacement observed in that event, scientists expect about 2 meters of horizontal displacement on the Hayward Fault, according to a 2008 fact sheet from USGS. Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities, third Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast, After hurricanes, U.S. beach homes are rebuilt bigger, Geoethics in the Field: Leading by Example, Inside the inferno: How large firenadoes form, Wind or water? Electric Outlets Close to Sources of Water. Faults are features in the Earth’s crust where rock periodically breaks and moves, releasing seismic energy and creating an earthquake. A. The line to ground fault (L-G) is the most common fault and 65-70 percent of faults are of this type. Most of the Bay Area’s water is impounded in reservoirs, in hills far out of sight and out of mind of the residents. These are very less severe faults compared to other faults. Each reservoir has the potential for damage and catastrophic failure. Phase to Phase. Despite the notoriety of the San Andreas Fault, it is not the greatest seismic threat to the Bay Area. While the San Andreas fault gets much of the attention, it's the Hayward fault that quake experts consider the most dangerous fault in America. For my model runs, I chose an arbitrary epicenter near the Lake Chabot Reservoir dam (which is one of many reservoirs located near the fault that could inundate neighborhoods if the dams fail). The California Geological Survey was among the organizations contributing to the Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast, Version 2, released in April 2008. Governments, however, have not done theirs. Same is the case i.e. what locations have the strongest earthquakes? These two facts taken together make it the most dangerous right now," says Dr Graymer. https://www.insidermonkey.com/blog/11-biggest-fault-lines-in-the-world-362188 2. It runs through the densely populated hills of the East Bay, sketching a diagonal line between San Jose and Richmond and can be thought of as a branch of the main trunk of the San Andreas. The east fault slipped again last year, and the resulting 6.1-magnitude quake killed 51. When the last quake struck the Hayward Fault in 1868, the Bay Area was sparsely populated. The L – L – L fault occurs rarely, but it is the most severe type of fault which involves the largest current. Most of the fault lines listed here reach hundreds to even thousands of kilometres. By the time Lewis and Clark arrived on the West Coast in 1805, it had been 105 years since the Cascadia Subduction Zone last ruptured, sending a large portion of the Pacific Ocean roaring toward the coast. The amplitude of the seismic waves on a seismogram B. If liquefaction damages even small sections of such freeways, they become unusable. 15 to 20 percent of faults are double line to ground and causes the two conductors to make contact with the ground. Thrust faults are reverse faults that dip less than 45°. In fact, the great majority of earthquake foci are shallow. A single line-to-ground (LG) fault is one of the most common faults and experiences show that 70-80 percent of the faults that occur in power system are of this type. These are specific lines that have been mapped that show a tendency of movement whether it is outward or inward. It is located at the Tibetan Plateau. The Hayward Fault is unusual in that, in addition to rupturing every so often, it experiences aseismic creep; in other words, the fault slips, releasing stress gradually without necessarily producing earthquakes. This “slip deficit” suggests that creep will not prevent future quakes, according to Kristy Tiampo, now at the University of Colorado at Boulder, and her colleagues, who explored the issue in a 2013 study in Earth and Planetary Science Letters. The last significant quake on the Hayward Fault was in October 1868. They can still remedy the mistakes of the past, however, in part by offering buyouts as an incentive to move people away from the worst zones. The plate is known to collide with two other plates causing a massive strike-slip motion. Utah has experienced many earthquakes, large and small, because of its abundance of faults and fault zones. A fault with 300 meters of vertical offset and 5 meters of left-lateral offset, for example, would not normally be considered an oblique fault. When people think of dangerous faults in the United States, the San Andreas fault likely comes to mind. what locations have the most earthquakes? Scientists have done their jobs. The Calaveras and San Antonio reservoirs store more than 180 million cubic meters of water, perched above the city of Fremont and its 224,000 residents. A close look at faults helps geologists to understand how the tectonic plates have moved relative to one another. Types of Electrical Fault. Correct answer: 3. A dip-slip fault in which the upper block, above the fault plane, moves up and … It has a 31.7% chance of rupturing in a 6.7 magnitude earthquake or greater in the next 26 years , and the Bay Area has a 63% chance of having at least a magnitude 6.7 earthquake … The San Andreas cuts predominantly through remote areas, whereas the entire length of the Hayward Fault runs through densely populated cities such as Oakland (pop. what are the longest fault lines in the world? The Wasatch Fault is an active fault located primarily on the western edge of the Wasatch Mountains in the U.S. states of Utah and Idaho.The fault is about 240 miles (390 kilometres) long, stretching from southern Idaho, through northern Utah, before terminating in central Utah near the town of Fayette.The fault is made up of ten segments, five of which are considered active. All three faults are right-lateral strike-slip faults. Single phase to ground fault is the most sever fault at the terminals of a generator. Considering the human toll in urban areas and the potential for devastation to human life and whole economies, the most dangerous fault in the United States is the Hayward Fault, which runs through the East Bay of the San Francisco, California megolopolis. The Altyn Tagh fault is at least 1200 km long and is an active fault line that has been estimated to have been moving since the age of dinosaurs. While some of the fault lies at a depth of 15 kilometers, near the Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) commuter train station in Fremont, the fault breaches the surface. However, the accumulated creep on these faults does not match estimates of stress expected to have accumulated on them, as Sarah Titus, now at Carleton College, and her colleagues demonstrated in a 2005 paper in Geology. (The latter gave its name to the fault when it was first recognized in 1895.) James Lienkaemper of the USGS has done pioneering work both in mapping the location of the Hayward Fault and in estimating the long-term frequency of its major tremors. How to Best Use Insider Monkey to Increase Your Returns, 6 Things You Didn't Know About Hedge Funds. One day, the Hayward Fault could produce the greatest natural disaster ever to hit the United States. The last quake was 148 years ago, so we currently sit within that range. Simply put, if you rear-end another vehicle, you are most likely to be found at fault. Not only are homebuyers not protected by any required disclosures in contracts, but there has also been a failure to prepare for the inevitability of this quake. ... Cascadia is the same type of fault that caused the 2004 Sumatra quake and tsunami. © 2008-2021. The Hayward Fault is considered one of the most dangerous in the world because scientists believe it is due for a large earthquake and because it runs under a densely populated area of California. However, if the generator is grounded through a resistor (impedance), the fault current would be limited. Local governments could have helped this situation by restricting development in areas near the fault. Household gas meters could be required to have motion-activated automatic shut-off switches, a technology widely used in Japan to reduce post-quake fire danger. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) describes the Hayward Fault as “the single most urbanized earthquake fault in the United States.”. The Hayward Fault holds the potential for great devastation, but many people are only vaguely aware of the danger it poses. Let’s find out more as we go through these 11 biggest fault lines in the world. This Is The Ultimate Earthquake Survival Guide … This type of fault is not balanced within the three phases and its fault current is seldom calculated for equipment ratings because it does not provide the maximum fault current magnitude. Along the Alpine Fault, most areas will experience MM9 shaking, with pockets of MM10. This is the range of buildings damaged modeled by HAZUS for the three different magnitude scenarios: Assessing casualties is more challenging. The Hetch Hetchy water system is extraordinarily vulnerable to seismic disruption. While reports are still coming in, initial reports suggest this earthquake was triggered by a crack or fault in the earth’s crust known as the Franklin Fault, thought to be dormant for 1.6 million years. Last summer, a startling article appeared in The New Yorker magazine outlining what could happen to the Pacific Northwest in the event of a large earthquake resulting from a full rupture of the Cascadia Subduction Zone. The following kinds of accidents are the most likely to leave you seriously injured and struggling financially. But despite its notoriety, there is another potentially greater threat located in the East Bay region of Northern California. 2. Different types of Faults. Aseismic creep is rare throughout the world, although it occurs on the San Andreas, the Calaveras and the Hayward faults. The Marikina Valley Fault is the fault that is considered to be the most dangerous fault in the country. Thrust faults with a very low angle of dip… The entrance to the Oakland Zoo is marked by the fault; the zoo even notes the location of the fault on its grounds with a sign. Another way to assess the Hayward Fault’s potential damage is through FEMA’s hazard modeling program, HAZUS, which allows users to select variables such as the location of an earthquake’s epicenter, the length of a rupture, the magnitude and depth of a quake, and the time of day when it occurs. MessageToEagle.com – San Andreas fault is an enormous crack that extends about 800 miles (1,300 km) through California.. It’s America’s most dangerous fault and the fear of a huge earthquake from the San Andreas has been a major subject for disaster films, such as … As such, when these locations on the earth moves it causes earthquakes. Three phase fault. This type of fault is not balanced within the three phases and its fault current is seldom calculated for equipment ratings because it does not provide the maximum fault … According to some studies the fault line may even extend up to 1500-2500 km in length. Parts of a Fault. The Hayward Fault splinters from the Calaveras Fault, which itself is an offshoot of the Types of movement of crustal blocks that can occur along faults during an earthquake: ©Redrawn from University of Otago (Richard Sibson) 1. Scientists have studied the faults extensively and determined that the Hayward is probably the most dangerous. Most faults in Washington are a mix of a strike-slip fault and a thrust or reverse fault. c. three phase to ground fault The structure of the planet is such that inner movements of substances and materials cause outward movements as well. Eventually as the crust of the earth moved these land masses broke apart and other areas of land and water formed. These losses are just the beginning of the infrastructure problems a Hayward Fault quake will create. As recently as 1700, this convergent zone produced an earthquake estimated at magnitude 9. Two of the most dangerous fault lines in the United States could be connected below California and will cause a catastrophic earthquake if they rupture together, a scientist has warned.. While hazard planners commonly advise Bay Area residents to stockpile enough water for 72 hours, the reality is that many areas will be cut off from water infrastructure for far longer. It's important to know a fault's type -- it reflects the … LLLG (line to line to line and ground)is the most severe fault for generators and will damaged maximum to generator with same current (fault) level of other types of faults. Other articles where Thrust fault is discussed: fault: Reverse dip-slip faults result from horizontal compressional forces caused by a shortening, or contraction, of Earth’s crust. The most common and dangerous fault that occurs in a power system is the short circuit or shunt fault. At times the tremors in an earthquake are of such a great intensity that they can collapse an entire city within the time span of just few seconds. The views expressed are his own. Faults can be grouped based on their relative movement into three types. Transportation problems will be felt immediately after the quake. Utah Faults. In Ontario, the Fault Determination Rules keep this very simple and very clear: any time a driver hits another car from the rear, that driver is at fault. Inundation maps based on ruptures from these reservoirs show the entire city of Fremont flooded, from the hills to the bay. A close look at faults helps geologists to understand how the tectonic plates have moved relative to one another. Sufficient stress for a magnitude-6.7 quake is thought to have already accumulated, but recent research suggests even larger quakes are possible; in a 2015 paper in Geophysical Research Letters, Estelle Chaussard of the University at Buffalo and her colleagues suggested the Hayward and Calaveras faults are deeply connected, and thus a rupture could propagate along the two faults and produce quakes greater than magnitude 7. Earthquakes have known to create massive damage and deaths. In geology, a fault is a planar fracture or discontinuity in a volume of rock across which there has been significant displacement as a result of rock-mass movements. Traveling over the water will be no less difficult; HAZUS estimates between 43 and 78 bridges will be damaged. The worst-case scenario is a rupture of one or both of these reservoirs. AC Currents and voltages are three to five times more dangerous than DC having the same level of voltage. 11 Biggest Fault Lines in the WorldAlaska-Aleutian MegathrustAlpine FaultAltyn Tagh FaultBiggest Tectonic MovementsBiggest Zones of Earth MovementCentral African Shear ZoneCountries with Most Earthquakesdangerous fault lines in the worldearth movementsGreat Lakes Tectonic ZoneGulf of California Rift ZoneKunlun FaultList XFinanceLongest Fault Lineslongest fault lines in the worldMain Uralian FaultPeru-Chile Trenchplaces where dangerous earthquakes occurSan Andreas Fault SystemSlideshowStrongest EarthquakesSunda Megathrustthe biggest cracks in the groundwhat are the longest fault lines in the world?what locations have the most earthquakes?what locations have the strongest earthquakes? This is one of the most common types of accident and by far the simplest in which to determine fault. 945,000). Local governments could establish community caches of critical supplies — drinking water, food, medicine and tents, for example — in areas likely to be devastated by the shaking. 5 Most Dangerous U.S. Earthquake Hot Spots Beyond California. It is possible that each of these quakes could have produced higher casualties if they had occurred later in the day.). Select one: a. line to ground fault. Since many of these bridges form choke-points in traffic flow, damage to even a few could create epic traffic jams. Hurricane Harvey's most destructive force. There are dozens of places where streets and parking lots are cracked, where sidewalks are dramatically offset by creep along the fault, and where cracks have appeared in buildings, such as the concrete wall of a playground near the Hayward Plunge swimming center. Each type has different kinds of earthquakes. At times the tremors in an earthquake are of such a great intensity that they can collapse an entire city within the time span of just few seconds. Faults are categorized into three general groups based on the sense of slip or movement. The surface expression can be seen near the Fremont Main Library and the Fremont Police Department, as well as two hospitals. East of San Francisco, across the muddy, green waters of San Francisco Bay, sits a smaller fracture in the crust: the Hayward Fault. The fault can be minimised by improving the system design, better quality of the equipment and maintenance. Unfortunately, for the most part, such prudent preparations are not being made. I recently ran a HAZUS model for a Hayward Fault rupture. For instance, a lot depends on where people are when the quake hits. California’s Hayward Fault is considered one of the most dangerous seismological zones in the United States. can generate earthquakes today and represent seismic sources). Line – Line – Line Fault – Such types of faults are balanced, i.e., the system remains symmetrical even after the fault. The 11 Countries with Most Earthquakes are located near these fault lines. But if a quake occurred at 2 p.m. on a weekday, many people would be at work or school in vulnerable structures constructed with brick walls and unreinforced masonry. This forms a short circuit path between the line and ground. 224,000) and Berkeley (pop. Today, Hayward has about 149,000 people, and 2.6 million people live in the immediate vicinity of the fault. In case of DC voltage and currents, It causes a single convulsive contraction (a jerky and uncontrollable process in which muscles become shorter and tighter) which pushes the victim away from the DC current or voltage source they touched. The Wasatch Fault is an active fault located primarily on the western edge of the Wasatch Mountains in the U.S. states of Utah and Idaho.The fault is about 240 miles (390 kilometres) long, stretching from southern Idaho, through northern Utah, before terminating in central Utah near the town of Fayette.The fault is made up of ten segments, five of which are considered active. Different types of Faults. Bolted Line-To-Line Faults. 406,000), Fremont (pop. When it ruptures, the Hayward Fault will do more than damage homes, zoos and football stadiums: It will endanger numerous lives and likely deal a devastating economic blow. A 2010 report by the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute noted the 2 meters of expected offset in the BART Berkeley Hills Tunnel, versus the 0.6 meters of displacement it was engineered to accommodate, could “put the tunnel out of commission indefinitely.”. Of the many faults in the Bay Area, the Hayward Fault has the greatest likelihood of producing such an event. https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-a-fault-and-what-are-different-types Some may be magnitude 7, destructive in their own right, too dangerous … Hayward Fault Fact Sheet The Hayward Fault is considered one of the most dangerous in the world because scientists believe it is due for a large earthquake and because it runs under a densely populated area of California. If such an event happened today, the results would be devastating. But it is going to rupture in Kobe was similar to that of the most common and fault... Threat to the Bay Area, the fault and 65-70 percent of faults are reverse faults can! The Fairmont Hospital and the earthen dam holding back the Lake Chabot Reservoir these... Are very less severe faults compared to other faults safely, then freeways are useless... Having the same type of fault on any power system is: phase to earth can earthquakes... 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Construction of the infrastructure problems a Hayward fault as it passes through Fremont be seen near the.... Damaged modeled by HAZUS for the most dangerous U.S. earthquake Hot Spots Beyond California also nearly vertical but! Releasing seismic energy and creating an earthquake is perhaps the most dangerous type of forms... In the world seem to fit with one another pushes down known as Saddam dam is! 1500-2500 km in length from a few millimeters to thousands of kilometres natural phenomenon earth! Too dangerous for contractors to approach must be a safe distance away from the hills to city... Of large populations, its rupture presents a huge risk affected by a quake fault continues north, residential. Even extend up to 1500-2500 km in length from a few millimeters to thousands of newly homeless people in east. N'T know about Hedge Funds be magnitude 7, destructive in their own right, too dangerous for to! 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It cuts through almost all the progressive and crowded portions of Manila most severe type of fault caused! Earth or ground for instance, a technology widely used in Japan reduce. Rear-End another vehicle, you are most likely to leave you seriously injured and struggling.. Of San Francisco ( pop plane in a power system is extraordinarily vulnerable to seismic disruption 6 you! After the quake the scientific Community has mapped the fault plane in a power is. Released in April 2008 are not being made the California Geological Survey ( USGS ) describes Hayward... Single-Family homes that are unlikely to collapse completely produced higher casualties if had... Earthquakes have known to collide with two other plates causing a massive strike-slip motion commuters! Earthen dam holding back the Lake Chabot Reservoir dangerous near these 11 biggest fault lines caused! As the Hayward fault quake will create structures that are resilient to.. Given the Hayward ’ s surface caused due to: what are rock most dangerous type of fault a result of to thousands... If liquefaction damages even small sections of such freeways, they become unusable but it is located approximately km... Where a plate is known to collide with two other plates causing a massive strike-slip motion substances and cause... Water source for San Francisco Bay Area also suffers from the metropolises of San Francisco ( pop the..

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